[19:06]
“MICHAEL, WE DIDN’T HAVE A REAL CONFIDENCE IN THE SCIENTIFIC BASIS THAT WE COULD ACTUALLY INDUCE A RESPONSE OR EVEN WHAT COMPONENTS OF THE VIRUS IF YOU DID HAVE IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST WOULD ACTUALLY BE ABLE TO BROADLY COVER . WHEN WE HAD THE EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURE BASED VACCINE DESIGN , WHEN WE USED CLAIMS TO LOOK AT THE MOLECULAR CONFIGURATION OF THE STEM , ONE OF THE TARGETS OF A UNIVERSAL FLU VACCINE CERTAINLY NOT THE ONLY TARGET BUT ONE OF THE TARGETS IF YOU LOOK AT THE HEMOAGGLUTININ MOLECULE WHICH IF YOU KIND OF METAPHORICALLY CONSTRUCT IT, IT’S KIND OF LIKE A HEAD WHICH IS A MUSHROOM WITH A STORE OR A BROCCOLI WITH A STORK , IS THAT THE PART THAT THE BODY MAKES AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST IS THE HEAD . IT’S WHAT YOU CALL HIM YOU DOMINANT . WHEN THE BODY SEES INFLUENZA IT’S MUCH PREFERS TO MAKE A RESPONSE AGAINST THE HEAD . WHEN THAT GETS IT RIGHT, THAT’S GOOD NEWS BECAUSE YOU’RE GOING TO GET PROTECTED . THE SOBERING NEWS IS THAT’S THE PART THAT DOES THE MUTATIONS THAT I MENTIONED A LITTLE BIT AGO.THE PART THAT’S THE STOCK OR THE STEM DOESN’T REALLY CHANGE MUCH AT ALL. THAT’S POTENTIALLY GOOD NEWS . A CHALLENGING NEWS IS THAT THE BODY DOESN’T WANT TO MAKE AN IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST THAT BECAUSE IT’S NOT IMMUNO DOMINANT AND IT REALLY HASN’T BEEN STUDIED VERY WELL . NOW THAT WE KNOW THAT IF IN FACT YOU MAKE A RESPONSE AGAINST THE PART OF THE VIRUS THAT DOESN’T CHANGE , THAT WHEN YOU LOOK AT THE RESPONSE THE BODY MAKES AND TEST IT AGAINST AN ARRAY OF VIRUSES, YOU GET A MUCH BROADER COVERAGE THAN AGAINST JUST A PARTICULAR HEAD OF THE HUMAN HEMOAGGLUTININ WHICH LIKE TO CHANGE FROM SEASON TO SEASON WHEREAS THE STEM STAYS THE SAME RELATIVELY SPEAKING. THAT’S NOT SOMETHING WE NEED 40 YEARS AGO. THAT’S SOMETHING THAT JUST NOW BEGINNING TO APPRECIATE SO WHAT INVESTIGATORS ARE DOING AND IS NOT THE ONLY TARGET, TO TAKE THAT STEM AND GET RID OF THE DISTRACTING HEAD AND STABILIZE THAT STEM AND PUT IT IN A WAY NOT WITH AN EGG, GETTING BACK TO WHAT YOU WERE SAYING. NOT GROWING THE VIRUS AT ALL BUT GETTING SEQUENCES, GETTING THE APPROPRIATE PROTEIN AND STICKING IT ON A SELF ASSEMBLING NANOPARTICLES THAT IS MUCH MORE IMMUNOGENIC . NOT ONLY IS IT MUCH MORE IMMUNOGENIC BUT YOU DON’T HAVE TO GROW IT. YOU CAN MAKE A LOT OF IT AND IF YOU DO IT RIGHT AND PARTNER WITH INDUSTRY, THAT’S THE KIND OF THING THAT DOESN’T HAVE THE VICISSITUDES OF GROWING AND EGG . THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS 10 YEARS IN THE MAKING , NOT THE 40, 50, 60 YEARS YOU SAID WE WERE DOING THE SAME THING. A CRITICAL CHALLENGE AND IT RELATES TO ONE OF THE THINGS THAT PEGGY SAID IS THAT IN ORDER TO MAKE THE TRANSITION FROM GETTING OUT OF THE TRIED AND TRUE EGG GROWING WHICH WE KNOW GIVES US RESULTS THAT CAN BE BENEFICIAL. WE’VE DONE WELL WITH THAT BECAUSE SOMETHING THAT HAS TO BE MUCH BETTER . YOU HAVE TO PROVE THAT THIS WORKS AND THEN YOU GOT TO GO THROUGH ALL OF THE CRITICAL TRIALS , PHASE I, PHASE II, PHASE 3 AND SHOW THAT THIS PARTICULAR PRODUCT IS GOING TO BE GOOD OVER A PERIOD OF YEARS. THAT ALONE IT WORKS PERFECTLY IS GOING TO TAKE A DECADE.“
https://www.c-span.org/video/?465845-1/universal-flu-vaccine
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